Frozen Horse Mackerel
Frozen horse mackerel is fish from the genus Trachurus that is frozen for trade. It is sold without fillets, fish meat of 0304, or edible off‑al.
Prices, specifications and international trade for frozen horse mackerel under HS 030355.
Frozen Horse Mackerel Price
Published reference · Jul 1, 2026
Frozen horse mackerel is quoted in USD/t at CHL. Historical customs values may differ from the headline reference.
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Chile led reported frozen horse mackerel exports in 2025, at $438M.
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Frozen horse mackerel grading factors include Size, Fat content, and Freezing quality.
Grading Factors
Quality assessment for frozen horse mackerel considers Size, Fat content, and Freezing quality.
- Size
The size of the fish is graded by length or weight, as it affects the yield and suitability for different end uses. Larger fish are often preferred for fillets, while smaller ones may be used for canning or fishmeal.
- Fat content
The fat content influences the flavor and texture of the fish. Higher fat content is desirable for certain products like smoking, while lower fat may be preferred for others.
- Freezing quality
The quality of the freezing process affects the final product's texture and shelf life. Quick freezing preserves cell structure, while slow freezing can cause ice crystal damage.
- Appearance
The overall appearance, including skin color, eye clarity, and gill color, indicates freshness and handling. Good appearance is essential for retail and food service sales.
Common Defects
Recorded defects for frozen horse mackerel include Freezer burn, Thawing damage, and Rancidity.
- Freezer burn
Freezer burn appears as dry, whitish, or discolored patches on the fish surface, caused by dehydration and oxidation. It affects texture and flavor, making the fish less acceptable for high-quality uses.
- Thawing damage
Thawed or partially thawed fish shows soft flesh, gaping, or a dull appearance. This indicates temperature abuse during storage or transport, leading to spoilage and reduced shelf life.
- Rancidity
A strong, rancid or off-odor indicates lipid oxidation, especially in fatty fish like horse mackerel. This makes the fish unsuitable for direct consumption or further processing.
- Physical damage
Physical damage such as bruising, broken fins, or missing scales can occur during catching and handling. This affects appearance and may increase the risk of spoilage.
Frozen Horse Mackerel Facts and HS Code
Frozen horse mackerel belongs to seafood within protein and dairy. Its customs classification covers HS 030355.
Frozen Horse Mackerel HS Code
| Also known as | jack mackerel, scad |
|---|---|
| Product type | Raw |
| Form | Frozen |
| Position in the chain | Primary |
| Category | Seafood — Protein and dairy |
| HS codes | 030355 |
| HS6 description | Fish; frozen, jack and horse mackerel (Trachurus spp.), excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99 |
| Quoted in | USD/t |
| Reference location | CHL |
Production & Handling
Frozen horse mackerel storage guidance: Store frozen horse mackerel at a consistent frozen temperature to prevent thawing and refreezing, which can degrade texture and increase spoilage risk. Maintain the cold chain during transport to avoid temperature fluctuations that cause freezer burn and quality loss.
Production and Storage
| Perishability | High |
|---|---|
| Temperature regime | Frozen |
| Storage conditions | Store frozen horse mackerel at a consistent frozen temperature to prevent thawing and refreezing, which can degrade texture and increase spoilage risk. Maintain the cold chain during transport to avoid temperature fluctuations that cause freezer burn and quality loss. |
| Production methods | Wild capture |
| Processing steps |
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Packaging
Typical frozen horse mackerel packaging includes Bulk cartons, Polybags, and Glazed cartons.
- Bulk cartons
Bulk cartons lined with polyethylene are used for large shipments to processors. They protect the fish from physical damage and dehydration during transport.
- Polybags
Polybags are used for smaller lots or retail packs. They provide a barrier against moisture loss and freezer burn, and are easy to handle.
- Glazed cartons
Glazed fish are often packed in cartons with a protective ice layer to maintain quality. This packaging is common for high-quality whole fish.
Uses & Risks
Frozen horse mackerel is used in Canning, Smoking, and Fishmeal and oil.
End Uses
- Canning
The fish is canned in oil, brine, or sauce, often as fillets or chunks. Canning preserves the fish and makes it shelf-stable for long-term storage.
- Smoking
Horse mackerel is smoked to develop a distinct flavor and texture. Smoking also extends shelf life and is used for ready-to-eat products.
- Fishmeal and oil
The fish is processed into fishmeal and oil, which are used as animal feed and in various industrial applications. This utilizes lower-grade or bycatch fish.
- Direct consumption
Frozen horse mackerel is sold whole or as fillets to consumers and restaurants. It is often grilled, fried, or baked.
Uses and Related Commodities
| Downstream industries | Seafood processing, Canning industry, Fishmeal and oil production, Food service, Retail |
|---|
Sourcing risks
| Risk | Mitigation |
|---|---|
Histamine formation Food safetyHigh Histamine can form in horse mackerel if the fish is not kept cold from catch to freezing. High histamine levels can cause scombroid poisoning, a foodborne illness. | Ensure rapid chilling after catch and maintain a continuous cold chain until freezing. Test for histamine in high-risk lots. |
Cold chain failure LogisticsMedium Temperature fluctuations during storage or transport can cause thawing and refreezing, leading to quality loss and spoilage. This can result in product rejection. | Use temperature data loggers and maintain a consistent frozen environment. Inspect containers for proper insulation and refrigeration. |
Stock depletion SustainabilityMedium Overfishing of horse mackerel stocks can lead to reduced availability and higher prices. Unsustainable fishing practices can also harm marine ecosystems. | Source from fisheries with sustainable management and certifications. Monitor stock status and adjust sourcing accordingly. |
Frozen Horse Mackerel Questions
- What species does frozen horse mackerel refer to?
- Frozen horse mackerel refers to fish of the genus Trachurus, commonly known as jack and horse mackerel. The commodity is classified as frozen whole fish, not fillets or processed meat.
- How should frozen horse mackerel be stored to maintain quality?
- The product should be kept at temperatures at or below –18 °C throughout transport and storage. Maintaining a continuous cold chain prevents thawing and preserves texture and flavor.