Lactic Acid
Lactic acid is a carboxylic acid containing an alcohol functional group. It is used as an ingredient and additive in food and industrial applications.
Prices, specifications and international trade for lactic acid under HS 291811.
Lactic Acid Price
Published reference · Jul 1, 2026
Lactic acid is quoted in USD/t at THA. Historical customs values may differ from the headline reference.
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Thailand led reported lactic acid exports in 2025, at $132M.
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Lactic acid grading factors include Purity, Color and clarity, and Acidity and strength.
Grading Factors
Quality assessment for lactic acid considers Purity, Color and clarity, and Acidity and strength.
- Purity
The concentration of lactic acid relative to other organic acids and impurities is assessed; higher purity ensures predictable performance in food formulations.
- Color and clarity
Visual appearance indicates the absence of caramelization or contamination; acceptable color ensures the acid does not discolor the final product.
- Acidity and strength
The titratable acidity determines the acid's functional impact on pH and flavor, which is critical for consistent preservation and taste.
- Heavy metal content
The presence of heavy metals is monitored because they can be toxic and may catalyze degradation; limits are set for safety.
Common Defects
Recorded defects for lactic acid include Off-odor or off-taste, Suspended particles, and Incorrect isomer ratio.
- Off-odor or off-taste
A pungent or burnt smell can indicate thermal degradation or microbial contamination, which would impair the sensory profile of food products.
- Suspended particles
Particulate matter or turbidity suggests inadequate filtration, which could lead to inconsistent dosing and product quality issues.
- Incorrect isomer ratio
An unexpected ratio of L- and D-isomers can affect metabolic compatibility and flavor, making the lot unsuitable for certain applications.
Lactic Acid Facts and HS Code
Lactic acid belongs to ingredients and additives within produce, nuts, spices and food ingredients. Its customs classification covers HS 291811.
Lactic Acid HS Code
| Also known as | 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, milk acid |
|---|---|
| Product type | Intermediate |
| Form | Refined |
| Position in the chain | Processed |
| Category | Ingredients and additives — Produce, nuts, spices and food ingredients |
| HS codes | 291811 |
| HS6 description | Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), lactic acid, its salts and esters |
| Quoted in | USD/t |
| Reference location | THA |
Production & Handling
Lactic acid storage guidance: Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from strong oxidizers and alkalis. Avoid exposure to moisture and direct sunlight to prevent degradation and corrosion of packaging.
Production and Storage
| Perishability | None |
|---|---|
| Temperature regime | Ambient |
| Storage conditions | Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from strong oxidizers and alkalis. Avoid exposure to moisture and direct sunlight to prevent degradation and corrosion of packaging. |
| Production methods | Synthetic |
| Processing steps |
|
Packaging
Typical lactic acid packaging includes IBC totes and Drum.
- IBC totes
Intermediate bulk containers are used for large shipments to food manufacturers, reducing handling and risk of contamination.
- Drum
Smaller quantities are shipped in drums for flexibility in lower-volume applications and easier sampling.
Uses & Risks
Lactic acid is used in Food additive, Pharmaceutical, and Biodegradable plastics.
End Uses
- Food additive
Used as acidity regulator, preservative, and flavoring agent
- Pharmaceutical
Component in topical creams, oral solutions, and as a pH adjuster
- Biodegradable plastics
Precursor for polylactic acid (PLA) production
Uses and Related Commodities
| Downstream industries | Food and beverage, Personal care and cosmetics, Bioplastics manufacturing |
|---|
Sourcing risks
| Risk | Mitigation |
|---|---|
Leakage during transport LogisticsHigh The acidic nature of lactic acid can corrode containers, leading to spills and product loss. | Use corrosion-resistant containers and conduct regular inspections during loading and transit. |
Contamination with metal ions Food safetyMedium Trace amounts of heavy metals can catalyze oxidation or cause toxicity, jeopardizing food safety. | Implement rigorous supplier testing and choose lots with certificates of analysis confirming metal levels are within safe ranges. |
Adulteration with cheaper acids FraudLow Some suppliers may blend lactic acid with other acids like citric acid to reduce cost, altering the functionality. | Request specifications for acidity and specific rotation, and test against reference standards. |
Lactic Acid Questions
- What is lactic acid and how is it classified?
- Lactic acid is a carboxylic acid that contains an alcohol functional group but no other oxygen functions. It is listed under HS code 291811, which covers lactic acid, its salts and esters.
- What are typical storage requirements for lactic acid?
- Lactic acid should be stored in a cool, dry place, tightly sealed to prevent moisture ingress and exposure to strong bases, which can cause degradation.